Does Life Have Meaning?

Does Life Have Meaning? Danny Irwin   Since the beginning of time people have been asking the universal question of What is the meaning of life? Answers from people today may vary greatly from that of thousands of years ago. However, two key philosophers, Camus and Nagel, have both contributed greatly to what we believe gives life value. Nagels stance is that no matter what, we can always doubt that the world has any intrinsic value, or that everything we do matters. Camus, however, focuses on the idea of the confrontation between mans demand for meaning/sense/value/rationality and the worlds intrinsic lack of these same values. Personally, I side with Camus and his beliefs due to the fact that each decision we make on a day to day basis is somehow correlated with each demand. One of the key differences between Camus and Nagel is Camus maintains in The Myth of Sisyphus that the absurd arises because the world is unable to meet our demands for meaning. This suggests that the world might satisfy those demands if it were different. This idea depends on not only people but the world, similar to the idea of Sir I Exist. One cannot be without the other. If people did not demand meaning, or if the world wasnt meaningful enough there wouldnt be any absurd. Then if you look at Nagel, his absurd is entirely contained within people, and the fact that people can always doubt that the world is meaningful, so, therefore, the absurd is an essential fact to that of human existence. While each viewpoint is important, I am more interested in the response that each philosopher, especially Nagel, has to the absurd. Camus response to the absurd is naturally, rebellion: the idea of being honest with yourself about the true meaninglessness of the world, but not giving up on your mandate for meaning. This, however, doesnt erase the absurd nothing short of suicide can do that but instead, it allows us to live with honesty, dignity, and integrity. Then there is Nagels response, irony. Which, to me, appears that it is simply an attempt at Camus rebellion, but it falls short and ends up amounting to philosophical suicide. Which can be explained by two opposing tendencies that lie within ones self. Nagel argues that the sense of the absurd result from two opposing tendencies within us: To start, we take our lives, or at least activities and projects within lives, seriously, and we cannot avoid doing so. On the flip side, we are also capable of undermining the reasons for any of our projects. Nothing we do can be justified from a point of view radically outside human interests. Nagel condemns the idea of rebellion for being melodramatic and histrionic. He compares it to shaking ones fist at the world and deems it pointless, nothing more than a ridiculous spectacle.   What does Nagel then recommend? When discussing life through his eyes Nagel ultimately says that, if there is no reason to believe that anything matters, then that doesnt matter either, and we can approach our absurd lives with irony instead of heroism or despair (Nagel, The Absurd) However, that begs the question what is irony? Is it not in and of itself detachment and denial, essentially saying what one doe snt mean? This is what irony looks like, knowing that you may have absolutely no meaning in life, but you continue on your merry way with a grin on your face. Irony is taking life too seriously while also laughing at yourself because you are fully aware of the fact that you are taking it too literally. This is the kind of philosophical suicide that Camus would consider to be a humiliated reason. Irony attempts to weaken, and even, therefore, eliminate the fundamental demand for meaning. Irony reduces the demand for meaning into a simple human desire, which can then be modified or suppressed, at least to some degree. However, meaning is not a desire; but instead is a need. We need meaning almost like we need simple physiological human needs like food and water. We cant simply laugh off meaninglessness and say, I didnt really need objective meaning anyway. That doesnt solve the problem of the absurd as Nagel says it does. That escapes the problem. To be ironic is to not be honest with oneself. While Nagel and Camus each have their own point of view on the world, I believe that Camus perspective is far more logical and is better interpreted for everyday life.

Analysis of demat account and online trading Essay

The commencement of E-Trading and Demat has transformed the capital market in India. With the help of Demat and Trading account, buying and selling of shares has become a much faster and even process than trading with the assistance of a physical broker. It provides for the assimilation of bank, broker, stock exchange and depository participants. This helps to get rid of the painstaking procedure of investing in stock exchange. Today, if one wants to invest in stock market, he has to contact a broker on phone or meet him personally to place order. A broker generally gives such importance and additional service only to high net worth customers. But the introduction of Internet trading, even a common or a small investor gets an opportunity to avail the service at an affordable price which is much lesser than what is charged by a physical broker over the phone. Online trading has given customer a real time access to account information, stock quotes elaborated market research and interactive trading. The prerequisites of Internet trading are a computer, a modem and a telephone connection, registration with broker, a bank a/c and depository account. The introduction of depository service is considered as the beginning of the trading of Stocks @ click. This means that you can arrange delivery of scrips sold anytime, anywhere to anyone by click of a mouse. Dematerialization facilitates to keep the securities in electronic form instead of paper form. It offers more advantageous than the physical certificate form. Despite the advantages of Dematerialization, the awareness levels among the investors relating to Demat account is not adequate because of numerous reasons. The investors are not sufficiently responsive of the concept of Demat account and the various financial institutions providing such services. Objectives An objective is the brainchild behind any project report. A project report will always have a certain objective which needs to be accomplished. Following are the objectives behind the preparation of my project at Indiabulls securities Ltd. †¢ To Compare Indiabulls Online share trading account with the big players in the Market i.e. ICICI, KARVY, HDFC, RELIENCE MONEY as well as with INDIA INFOLINE †¢ Identify the areas where INDIABULLS Scores above its competitors and what are its weak links. †¢ Know the market potential of INDIABULLS considering the fact that there are many competitors in this field with some more firms expected to join the fray in the near future. This will be done with the help of a questionnaire. Provide suggestions to the company regarding what else it can do to stand apart in this ever competitive field and thereby emerge as a market leader. †¢ To understand the company, its achievements and tasks, products and services and also to collect information about its competitors, its products and services offered. †¢ After understanding and collecting information about the organization and its competitors, a trainee will be able to work well for the organization. †¢ To Study present online share trading Introduction Demat refers to a dematerialized account. Just as we have to open an account with a bank if we want to save your money, make cheque payments etc, we need to open a demat account if we want to buy or sell stocks. So it is just like a bank account where actual money is replaced by shares. We have to approach the DPs (remember, they are like bank branches), to open our demat account. Demat account allows you to buy, sell and transact shares without the endless paperwork and delays. It is also safe, secure and convenient. Let’s say our portfolio has 100 of Satyam, 50of Suzlon, 20 of ICICI BANK, 50 of Tech Mahindra and 100 of TCS shares. All these will show in our demat  account. So we don’t have to possess any physical certificates showing that us own these shares. They are all held electronically in our account. As we buy and sell the shares, they are adjusted in our account. Just like a bank passbook or statement, the DP will provide you with periodic statements of holdings and transactions. Individuals, companies, Trusts, Partnership firms, NRIs, HUF, Banks and Institutions are allowed to open a depository account with any depository through a depository participant. The investor would need to execute a standard form giving all his details, bank details, instruction details, nomination details and off-course photograph and signature. Along with this form, the investor would also have sign an agreement with the depository participant which usually forms a standard part of the account opening process. The details on the form have to be matched with a photocopy of the investor’s passport, driving license etc. to certify the mentioned details. If the investor is an NRI, then the client will have to provide overseas address, provide copy of RBI Approval, if any. The RBI Approval is not mandatory for opening of a DP. Account but is required to receive shares into the account when purchased through the secondary market. Procedure for Purchasing Dematerialized Securities The procedure for purchasing dematerialized securities is also similar to the procedure for buying physical securities. 1. Investor instructs DP to receive credits into his account in the Prescribed form. There may be one time standing instruction or Separate instruction each time to receive credits. 2. Investor purchases securities in any of the stock exchanges linked to Depository through a broker. 3. Broker receives payment from investor and arranges payment to Clearing corporations. 4. Broker gives instructions to DP to debit clearing account and credit Client’s account. Investor receives shares into his account by way of book entry Procedure for Selling Dematerialized Securities The procedure for selling dematerialized securities in stock exchanges is similar as selling physical securities. The only major difference is that instead of delivering physical securities to the broker, the investor instructs his DP to debit his demat account with the number of securities sold by him and credit the brokers clearing account. The procedure for selling dematerialized securities is given below: 1. Investor sells securities in any of the stock exchange linked to depository through a broker. 2. Investor instructs his DP to debit his demat account with the number of securities sold and credit the broker’s clearing account. 3. Before the pay-in-day, broker of the investor transfers the securities to clearing corporation. 4. The broker receives payment from the stock exchange. 5. The investor receives payment from the broker for sale of securities in the same manner as received in case of sale of physical securities. Benefits of Dematerialization Account †¢ Safety : If we are holding our shares, bonds etc in physical (paper) form, there are chances of its theft, mutilation, and loss. Moreover, we are also exposed to the risks of fake papers, bad-delivery or delays at the time of transfer of physical securities. However, in DEMAT accounts; we can preserve our long-term investments safely and securely. †¢ Convenience: When we want to sell our dematerialized shares or redeem our debentures in DEMAT account; there are no hassles of filling up transfer forms, sending redemption requests or any other messy, costly and time-consuming paper work. We can conveniently transfer our securities through electronic transfers or just by signing one ‘Delivery Instruction Slip’, which is nothing but our chequebook for DEMAT Accounts. Reference : www.Indiabulls.com www.Investopedia.com www.powerindiabulls.com www.bseindia.com www.nseindia.com www.moneycontrol.com www.equitymarket.com www.demat.com

Increasing Innovation by the Use of Incentives While Maintaining Current Costs Essay

There are many ways to use incentives in business to create an increase in innovation within the company without the increase of additional costs. Some of the realms in which incentives can be used to motivate employees include the fostering of teamwork and openness, awareness of balanced competition, company alliances, and focusing on the importance of leisure, family, and health. Through the attentiveness to these aspects of business and implementation of incentives which truly inspire worker creativity, it is possible to support a climate of innovation in the company. It is important to recognize that in many instances, stimulating innovation does not mean an increase in company costs. Rather, the innovation of workers is driven by a sense of feeling cared for and wanting to do the best for the supportive company within the economic context of the business environment. It is interesting to note that high charged productivity and monetary rewards are often not the best incentives to use in regard to company innovation and sustained growth. Some better incentives focus on the holistic nature of the company, personal relationships, and true worker happiness. These ideals are what make people invest in a company on a deep and personal level. By taking a look at the value inherent in teamwork, openness, competition, alliances, leisure, family, and health, it is possible to implement incentives in business at no extra cost which truly support the activity and engagement of innovative company workers. Teamwork and Openness It is essential in modern business to determinedly work to create a business environment in which teamwork and openness are central values of the collaborative company unit. Internally, workers are enthused by the idea that upper management truly values the ideas of the people in the company, and, externally, workers are open to information and suggestions which stem from sources outside of the company. The simple activity of regular interaction in support of the inflow and outflow of knowledge is the foundation of cooperation and a sure motivator for company workers (Chesbrough, Enkel, & Gassmann, 2010). In order to work as a team, as a systemic unit which is corporeal and looking out for the best interests of the company as a whole, it is vital to promote the idea of open discourse and transparency. The opposite situation, where company workers are overly disconnected and ousted from company decision making, simply creates a work environment which is devoid of respect and energy, inhibiting essential innovation for company growth and prosperity. Workers are best inspired by the ability to have meaningful and considerate discussions with fellow workers, even, and especially, with the top managers and owners. Fostering a sense of teamwork and communication and calling for regular meetings is one of the best ways to ensure that the company is moving forward in building personal relationships with fellow coworkers and clients. Competition It is interesting to consider competition as a motivator, as competition can be a valuable asset to the innovation surrounding the internal work environment of the company and the external economic context, as well as a plague on worker creativity. Aghion, Bloom, Blundell, Griffith, and Howitt (2005) aptly point out that the correlation of competition and innovation is an inverted U curve, in that when competition is low, innovation is low, when competition is moderate, innovation is high, and when competition is high, innovation is low. From this information, one can draw the conclusion that the best internal and external environment for the company is one in which the level of competitiveness is kept at a moderate level. When workers experience too little competition within the company or between rival companies, then they are prone to become less innovative. However, when workers are subject to an extreme amount of intense competition in the office and in the external environment, then workers also tend to become less innovative. The best strategy for a forward thinking and growth oriented company is to keep a sense of balance within the company and between workers as well as between rival companies. In regard to competition, it is true that one can have too little of a good thing, as well as too much. Regular reminders about the competitive nature of the work environment is important in stimulating worker innovation, however, it is important for management to not become fixated and overly aggressive in pursuing a purely competitive company culture. Alliances In looking at alliances, the interaction between companies, organizations, and government agencies, it is interesting to note the ways in which alliances are better at supporting innovation in companies than mergers and acquisitions. Alliances focus on the concept of teamwork, of drawing closer together in order to better understand how the systemic processes between companies are mutually beneficial. In the case of company alliances, workers are able to be collaborative and interactive with one another, motivated by one another, whereas in the case of mergers and acquisitions, workers become nervous about losing their jobs and the future prospects of the companies, creating the limiting effect of suspicion and fear (De Man & Duysters, 2005). It is recommended that in every case where two or more companies want to draw closer together, all efforts should be made at joining together via alliances rather than mergers and acquisitions. In creating friendly alliances with other companies, organizations, and agencies, the desire to engage in open communication and collaboration is fostered and stimulates the innovate energy of the company workers. There can often be nothing worse for company morale than for workers to be apprehensive about the future and doubting of their peers and superiors. It is important to communicate the reasons why the base company tends to associate more or less closely with other companies and to focus on the healthy benefits and rewards which can come about through increasingly integrated company to company interaction and mutual help. Sometimes, the best way to work with another company is to take the long road towards true cohesion or to simply continue to remain as essentially independent, yet interdependent, organizations. Leisure, Family, & Health It is interesting to note that ways in which companies can support an innovative work environment by paying attention to personal values such as leisure, family, and health. Looking to Europe as an economic model, due to the fact that they boast the largest amount of successful global companies in the world (United Nations, 2010), it is interesting to note that countries have trimmed down work weeks to under 40 hours, workers are allowed flexible working time and many part time opportunities, workers enjoy benefits such as 6+ weeks of vacation per year and 16 weeks of paid maternity leave, mothers have the ability to take off stay home with their young children for up to 5 years without losing their positions (can return to their former positions), and most people are supplied by their employers with mandatory non-profit health insurance benefits (Drew, Emerek, & Mahon, 1998). In motivating workers without incurring greater costs, it is important to highlight the ways in which benefits such as these promote a sense of wellbeing among company workers. It is often simply receiving a sense of acknowledgment in regard to necessary stress relievers which can serve to bolster worker morale and creativity. Although work and productivity are important, overall company health and innovation is of greater significance in regard to a stable and flourishing company organism. It is amazing how workers can be inspired to devote more of their creativity energy to the workplace when they know that their leisure, family, and health interests are respected and valued. Progressive companies are assured by the fact that, sometimes, workers are truly better rewarded by several weeks on vacation than by a pay raise. Conclusion In aiming to increase company innovation through the use of incentives which do not raise company costs, there are many options to choose from. Oftentimes, it is simply a matter of creating a gentler work environment which is more intimate, open, and considerate. In extending thoughtfulness and wellbeing related initiatives to company workers, company owners and managers are often well pleased by the amazing results. Worker happiness and motivation can be bolstered in a wide ranging realm of ways which does not involve company cost increases. By placing value on communication, integration, sincerity, relationships, and healthy living, it is amazing to note the ways in which companies are well served by worker enthusiasm. One of the simplest ways to begin fostering increased innovation in the company is to begin placing an emphasis on having face to face meetings on a regular basis at the office and to offer an extra week of vacation per year to all workers. Although these small first steps may not be the final answer to stepping up worker motivation, it is a great and simple start. Company managers and owners need to seriously consider the overall welfare of workers as being absolutely positively correlated with the overall welfare of the company. If workers are supported in their wellbeing and perceive to be well nurtured, then the company will reap the benefits of the innovative energy which proceeds from a happy company atmosphere.

Economic And Human Development Policies Since Independence

Comparable to other nations, in Tanzania, education has been entrenched in economic and human development policies since independence in1961. As a result, policy makers continue to treasure the vital role of education in poverty reduction and in the acceleration of social and economic development (URoT, 2011; Wabike, 2014). The urgent need of education in development achievement for instance, persuaded Tanzania to espouse the Universal Primary Education (UPE) policy in1974 promoting education for all children under Education for Self-Reliance (ESR)† embodied in the 1967 Arusha Declaration. The primary concept of the ESR policy was in fact to uplift the majority of the underprivileged people who lived in the rural areas, with the objective of equipping learners with the knowledge of self-determination (Wedgwood, 2006). Above all the policy emphasized the connection between schools and community, critical thinking, confidence, collaboration and equal participation in the social system (Buchert, 1997), also fostered the navigation from stereotype colonial education. As a matter of a conventional wisdom, ESR specifically was designed for remodeling the national curriculum, aligning it with theory, and practical knowledge, with the intention of improving the lives of students after graduation. Basically, the UPE policy, focused in increasing student enrollment, which in turn increased students in schools from more than double in 1980s (Wedgwood, 2005). Once again, TanzaniaShow MoreRelatedIndia And Pakist An Ideal Comparative Pair Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesPakistan became newly independent states, leaving behind British colonial rule. Due to the shared geographical location, background and culture between these nations, these two countries have often been compared against each other. 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